What is DNA?
DNA stands for "deoxyribonucleic acid". It is the foundation for life on Earth, containing the hereditary material for all organisms. DNA is primarily located in the nucleus but can be found in the mitochondria as well.
Modifying a sequence in a person's DNA can change how the body works. In the body, DNA makes up genes. A single gene can indicate whether or not a male will go bald in the future. However, there are harmful genes that can cause cancer. The removal of such genes can prevent the disease from developing.
DNA Structure
DNA is made up of four types of bases. In the chart, adenine is paired with thymine, and cytosine is paired with guanine. A phosphate and sugar molecule are attached to a single base, forming a nucleotide.
The order of these bases determines the physical structure and functions of an organism. When cells in an organism divide to form new cells, DNA always replicates itself during the process.
Editing DNA
Scientists can use this natural process to aid in genetic engineering. By cutting at a sequence, or specific order of bases, they can modify an organism's DNA. Using molecular tools, a new sequence is inserted into the DNA. The body takes over and continues to replicate the DNA, making sure each cell has an exact copy of the new strand.
Learn the Basics
Discover the Foundations of Gene Editing
Tiny molecules known as DNA rest in the body and help people perform everyday tasks. Changes often occur in DNA as humans evolve to become the most dominant species on Earth.